| KOH prep (potassium hydroxide solution) | Skin scrapings, hair or nail clippings, tissue, vaginal swab, body fluids, sputum | The sample is placed on a slide and the chemical solution dissolves non-fungal elements; reveals yeast cells and fungal hyphae (branching filaments) on a microscope slide; examined by a healthcare practitioner or trained laboratorian. | Primary screening tool; detects fungi but does not tell what specific fungus is present. | Rapid |
| Calcofluor white stain | Skin scrapings, hair or nail clippings, vaginal swab, body fluids, sputum | Stain binds to fungal elements in a sample and fluoresces (glows) under ultraviolet light; allows visualization on microscope slide; more sensitive means of visualizing fungi. | Detects fungi but does not tell what specific fungus is present. | Rapid |
| Fungal culture | Skin, nail, hair, body fluids, tissue, vaginal swab, sputum, blood | A sample is placed on or into nutrient media and incubated to grow any fungi present in sample. | Primary tool to diagnose a fungal infection; grows fungi for identification tests and subsequent susceptibility testing. | Weeks |
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